Nov 29, 2017.
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- This is download Mac OS X El Capitan DMG file. You can download this file as easy as clicking on the link and this file isn’t available on the App Store as you typically search for macOS X El Capitan. In terms of installing, there are no specific requirements so after you’ve the file, you can install it instantly.
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So, you’ve decided to download an older version of Mac OS X. There are many reasons that could point you to this radical decision. To begin with, some of your apps may not be working properly (or simply crash) on newer operating systems. Also, you may have noticed your Mac’s performance went down right after the last update. Finally, if you want to run a parallel copy of Mac OS X on a virtual machine, you too will need a working installation file of an older Mac OS X. Further down we’ll explain where to get one and what problems you may face down the road.
A list of all Mac OS X versions
We’ll be repeatedly referring to these Apple OS versions below, so it’s good to know the basic macOS timeline.
Cheetah 10.0 | Puma 10.1 | Jaguar 10.2 |
Panther 10.3 | Tiger 10.4 | Leopard 10.5 |
Snow Leopard 10.6 | Lion 10.7 | Mountain Lion 10.8 |
Mavericks 10.9 | Yosemite 10.10 | El Capitan 10.11 |
Sierra 10.12 | High Sierra 10.13 | Mojave 10.14 |
Catalina 10.15 |
STEP 1. Prepare your Mac for installation
Given your Mac isn’t new and is filled with data, you will probably need enough free space on your Mac. This includes not just space for the OS itself but also space for other applications and your user data. One more argument is that the free space on your disk translates into virtual memory so your apps have “fuel” to operate on. The chart below tells you how much free space is needed.
Note, that it is recommended that you install OS on a clean drive. Next, you will need enough disk space available, for example, to create Recovery Partition. Here are some ideas to free up space on your drive:
- Uninstall large unused apps
- Empty Trash Bin and Downloads
- Locate the biggest files on your computer:
Go to Finder > All My Files > Arrange by size
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.
Then you can move your space hoggers onto an external drive or a cloud storage.
If you aren’t comfortable with cleaning the Mac manually, there are some nice automatic “room cleaners”. Our favorite is CleanMyMac as it’s most simple to use of all. It deletes system junk, old broken apps, and the rest of hidden junk on your drive.
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.4 - 10.8 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.9 (free version)
Download CleanMyMac for OS 10.10 - 10.14 (free version)
STEP 2. Get a copy of Mac OS X download
Normally, it is assumed that updating OS is a one-way road. That’s why going back to a past Apple OS version is problematic. The main challenge is to download the OS installation file itself, because your Mac may already be running a newer version. If you succeed in downloading the OS installation, your next step is to create a bootable USB or DVD and then reinstall the OS on your computer.
How to download older Mac OS X versions via the App Store
If you once had purchased an old version of Mac OS X from the App Store, open it and go to the Purchased tab. There you’ll find all the installers you can download. However, it doesn’t always work that way. The purchased section lists only those operating systems that you had downloaded in the past. But here is the path to check it:
- Click the App Store icon.
- Click Purchases in the top menu.
- Scroll down to find the preferred OS X version.
- Click Download.
This method allows you to download Mavericks and Yosemite by logging with your Apple ID — only if you previously downloaded them from the Mac App Store.
Without App Store: Download Mac OS version as Apple Developer
If you are signed with an Apple Developer account, you can get access to products that are no longer listed on the App Store. If you desperately need a lower OS X version build, consider creating a new Developer account among other options. The membership cost is $99/year and provides a bunch of perks unavailable to ordinary users.
Nevertheless, keep in mind that if you visit developer.apple.com/downloads, you can only find 10.3-10.6 OS X operating systems there. Newer versions are not available because starting Mac OS X Snow Leopard 10.7, the App Store has become the only source of updating Apple OS versions.
Purchase an older version of Mac operating system
You can purchase a boxed or email version of past Mac OS X directly from Apple. Both will cost you around $20. For the reason of being rather antiquated, Snow Leopard and earlier Apple versions can only be installed from DVD.
Buy a boxed edition of Snow Leopard 10.6
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8
Get an email copy of Lion 10.7
Get an email copy of Mountain Lion 10.8
The email edition comes with a special download code you can use for the Mac App Store. Note, that to install the Lion or Mountain Lion, your Mac needs to be running Snow Leopard so you can install the newer OS on top of it.
How to get macOS El Capitan download
If you are wondering if you can run El Capitan on an older Mac, rejoice as it’s possible too. But before your Mac can run El Capitan it has to be updated to OS X 10.6.8. So, here are main steps you should take:
1. Install Snow Leopard from install DVD.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.
2. Update to 10.6.8 using Software Update.
3. Download El Capitan here.
“I can’t download an old version of Mac OS X”
If you have a newer Mac, there is no physical option to install Mac OS versions older than your current Mac model. For instance, if your MacBook was released in 2014, don’t expect it to run any OS released prior of that time, because older Apple OS versions simply do not include hardware drivers for your Mac.
But as it often happens, workarounds are possible. There is still a chance to download the installation file if you have an access to a Mac (or virtual machine) running that operating system. For example, to get an installer for Lion, you may ask a friend who has Lion-operated Mac or, once again, set up a virtual machine running Lion. Then you will need to prepare an external drive to download the installation file using OS X Utilities.
After you’ve completed the download, the installer should launch automatically, but you can click Cancel and copy the file you need. Below is the detailed instruction how to do it.
STEP 3. Install older OS X onto an external drive
The following method allows you to download Mac OS X Lion, Mountain Lion, and Mavericks.
- Start your Mac holding down Command + R.
- Prepare a clean external drive (at least 10 GB of storage).
- Within OS X Utilities, choose Reinstall OS X.
- Select external drive as a source.
- Enter your Apple ID.
Now the OS should start downloading automatically onto the external drive. After the download is complete, your Mac will prompt you to do a restart, but at this point, you should completely shut it down. Now that the installation file is “captured” onto your external drive, you can reinstall the OS, this time running the file on your Mac.
- Boot your Mac from your standard drive.
- Connect the external drive.
- Go to external drive > OS X Install Data.
Locate InstallESD.dmg disk image file — this is the file you need to reinstall Lion OS X. The same steps are valid for Mountain Lion and Mavericks.
How to downgrade a Mac running later macOS versions
If your Mac runs macOS Sierra 10.12 or macOS High Sierra 10.13, it is possible to revert it to the previous system if you are not satisfied with the experience. You can do it either with Time Machine or by creating a bootable USB or external drive.
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS High Sierra
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Mojave
Instruction to downgrade from macOS Catalina
Before you do it, the best advice is to back your Mac up so your most important files stay intact. In addition to that, it makes sense to clean up your Mac from old system junk files and application leftovers. The easiest way to do it is to run CleanMyMac X on your machine (download it for free here).
Visit your local Apple Store to download older OS X version
If none of the options to get older OS X worked, pay a visit to nearest local Apple Store. They should have image installations going back to OS Leopard and earlier. You can also ask their assistance to create a bootable USB drive with the installation file. So here you are. We hope this article has helped you to download an old version of Mac OS X. Below are a few more links you may find interesting.
Lynx Mac Os X Download Version
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<< | Page list | >>This is a HOWTO for LyX/Mac, a full-featured native implementation of LyX on the Mac OS X.
Table of contents
Lynx Mac Os X Download Dmg
- Useful Helper Programs
- 4.1 Previewers
- 4.2 Spellcheckers
- 4.3 Bibtex tools
- 4.4 Envelopes
- 4.5 OmniGraffle converter
- 4.6 On screen quality of included PDF files
- Beyond basics
- 5.1 PdfSync and SyncTeX -- Forward Search and Reverse Search
- 5.2 Version Control
- 5.3 Interaction with X11.
- 5.4 DVI viewers
- Pipes
- 6.1 Name in Path Problem (JabRef)
Download
LyX/Mac is available as a binary for Mac OS X 10.4 and later. (Note additional prerequisites below.) The download page is here.
For users who prefer emacs-like modifier key bindings, there is additional information on customizing these keys, including patched binary versions.
Gatekeeper
'LyX' can't be opened because it is from an unidentified developer.
With Mac OS X Mountain Lion a new feature is active: the Gatekeeper. It's there to help protect your Mac from malware and misbehaving apps downloaded from the Internet. An app that is delivered by an unknown developer one with no Developer ID will be blocked. To get a developer ID one has to buy a license from Apple with yearly costs. Because there is no support for open source programs like LyX by Apple the application is not signed. (In case you are GPG user we provide gpg signatures, see Download Checksums & signing section).
Fortunately there is an easy way to start LyX without disabling Gatekeeper:
1. Don't open the application with a double click. Click it while pressing the Control-key instead.
2. Choose Open
3. Another window is opened. There you choose open again. That's it.
More information is available here (the Apple documentation).
Prerequisite
You need a TeX installation. The easiest option is to use MacTeX. The .dmg file for a complete MacTeX installation is very large (> 1 GB), but it is a very complete distribution and installs right out of the box. MacTeX includes all the components necessary for TeX to work, and includes the bibliography managing program BibDesk.
Users with slower download speeds might want to download BasicTeX, a much smaller distribution, linked from the MacTeX page.
Useful Helper Programs
Previewers
LyX/Mac uses the system default viewers, and should require no configuration for PDF and HTML.
To specify a non-default GUI viewer use
open -a app-name
or open -a 'Application Name'
in Preferences -> Outputs -> File formats -> filetype -> Viewer.Spellcheckers
As of LyX/Mac 2.0, spellchecking support is included by default.
Bibtex tools
- BibDesk is a highly recommended tool for maintaining BibTeX databases. Other possibilities include JabRef, tkbibtex (used with Tcl/Tk Aqua) or its aquafied counterpart, AquaTkbibtex, respectively, and Endnote (used with scripts that convert Endnote citations to LaTeX citations).
Envelopes
To print envelopes, install envelope in /usr/local/bin and make it executable. While you're writing a letter in LyX, do File -> Export -> Custom -> ASCII and give
envelope
as the command; it will parse the address from the letter and print an envelope, including the USPS barcode.OmniGraffle converter
OmniGraffle is a great software for creating diagrams under Mac OS X (in particular, it works very well with LaTeXiT so that you can easily insert math formulae into diagrams). As it doesn't have a command line mode, you can use an AppleScript in order to insert '.graffle' files directly into LyX.
- Put og-export.scpt somewhere on your disk (e.g. in
$HOME/Library/Scripts/
). - In order to use it, go to LyX preferences, add an OmniGraffle file format (just type
auto
for the editor), and then add converters:OmniGraffle -> PDF (ps2pdf)
converter:osascript replace/with/path/to/og-export.scpt `pwd`/$$i `pwd`/$$o pdf
OmniGraffle -> EPS
converter:osascript replace/with/path/to/og-export.scpt `pwd`/$$i `pwd`/$$o eps
OmniGraffle -> PNG
converter:osascript replace/with/path/to/og-export.scpt $$i $$o png
- Note that currently, LyX doesn't work with OmniGraffle packages (e.g. diagrams including images). This problem will hopefully be solved in the future (see this bug for details).
Lynx Mac Os X Downloads
On screen quality of included PDF files
When you include a PDF graphic in a LyX file, it will appear crisp in the typeset PDF file of your document, but the version you see in the LyX window can be quite ugly. Lyx converts PDFs to PNG to show them in this window, and the default conversion method can choose quite a low definition for these bitmaps. A quicker and better solution would be to include a converter that uses the
sips
program that comes with OSX (it is a command line tool that you can use in the Terminal for converting a graphic file between different formats). To create this converter, you should open the Preference menu item in the LyX menu, and go to the File handling tab, then the Converters item. Here we will use the PDF (graphics) ->EPS
item as a template. When you choose this item, the bottom boxes are filled and you can read a command that starts with pdftops..
in the converter box. We will first change the EPS
item on the right to PNG
(you should have this possibility in the combo that opens when you click on EPS), and change the converter command as consequence, by replacing the complete psdtopdf..
command by:sips --resampleWidth 600 --setProperty format png $$i --out $$o
You can also increase the
resampleWidth
value if the generated bitmaps look too small on your screen (please first check that Lyx shows them at 100% of their size). When you finish setting these parameter, click Add
button next to the top converters list (if not, you will loose the new converter), then click Save
. If you open a new file containing PDF graphics, they should be much better looking and crispier now. If you want to change these values later, you should come to the same screen, select this converter, change the parameters in the converter box, and click Modify
before leaving this screen.Beyond basics
PdfSync and SyncTeX -- Forward Search and Reverse Search
LyX allows, using a suitable viewer such as Skim.app, to navigate quickly between a particular place in a LyX document to the corresponding place in the rendered PDF document (forward search) and from a particular place in the PDF back to the corresponding place in the LyX document (reverse or inverse search). However, some set-up is needed before this functionality is available.
- Please note that there are more up-to-date instructions using SyncTeX on this wiki at http://wiki.lyx.org/LyX/SyncTeX where the free OS X PDF viewer Skim.app is used. (Skim is highly recommended for this use.)
- Please note also that there are new instructions about reverse search in Additional Features Manual.
PdfSync is similar to reverse DVI search but is for the (now more common) method of directly producing pdf files. If you use the program Skim as your previewer you can COMAND-SHIFT-click in the previewed pdf file which causes the cursor to move to that point in LyX.
- In LyX > Preferences > File Handling > File formats > PDF (pdflatex), in the Viewer setting select 'Custom' and then enter
open -a Skim.app $$i
in the viewer setting. Then click Save. - In Skim > Preferences > Sync select LyX.
- Include
usepackage{pdfsync}
in the preamble of your LyX files.- Troubleshooting PdfSync
- Make sure that the .lyxpipe.in and .lyxpipe.out files do not exist when LyX is not running. (They are normally deleted when LyX quits, but if LyX crashes, they remain and prevent LyX from communicating with PDFView.) Their location can be found in LyX > Preferences > Paths.
Version Control
- Please note that there are new instructions about version control in Additional Features Manual.
Version control is useful for managing large documents, or documents with multiple authors. In order to implement it, you need to have RCS (Revision Control System) installed. This is a standard part of Xcode. The simplest way to get version control working, is to install the Xcode Tools package contained on the OS X install DVD. See the Mac Version Control page for more information.
Interaction with X11.
Xfig or X-windows previewers like xdvi or gv can be used with LyX/Mac if you modify your
~/MacOSX/environment.plist
file. For details, see the environment.plist page. Alternatively, you can change the viewer for postscript or dvi with DISPLAY=:0.0 gv
or DISPLAY=:0.0 xdvi
. Note that X11 must be running first for either of these to work.DVI viewers
By default, LyX will generate PDF files. If for some reason you prefer to create and view DVI files, some set-up hints are provided on the Mac-DVI page.
Pipes
Name in Path Problem (JabRef)
Programs such as JabRef communicate with LyX via pipes, which are sometimes named incorrectly by default (e.g., they assume that the pipe is in a directory that has a space in its name, such as
Application Support
, but other programs often cannot deal with spaces in paths). You may need to fix the lyxpipe path in both LyX and JabRef in Mac OS X.To fix the LyX pipe in JabRef, open JabRef and go to
Preferences>External Programs
and in 'Path to LyX pipe' enter /Applications/LyX.app/Contents/Resources/lyxpipe
. Close JabRef.Then open LyX, go to
LyX>Preferences>Paths
, and in 'LyXServer pipe' enter /Applications/LyX.app/Contents/Resources/lyxpipe
. Reconfigure. Close LyX.The next time you run LyX and JabRef, you should be able to push citations directly from your BibTeX bibliography in JabRef into LyX. If anything goes wrong, JabRef will return an error message, and you will have to redefine the pipe. You might try the following: (1) change the LyXServer path in LyX -> Preferences -> Paths back to
~/.lyx
; (2) recreate the ~/.lyx
directory by entering in a terminal session, 'mkdir ~/.lyx
'; and (3) restart LyX.Known issues
- Due to limitations in the Qt/Mac library, interface languages other than English modify the organization of the toolbar menus and it may not be possible to directly enter some special characters into the document preamble (you can copy them to the preamble).
Please report any other bugs to the appropriate LyX mailing list. A web gateway is also available.
The information on this page is believed to be accurate, has been used successfully on many systems and sites, and has benefited from the comments and suggestions of many users. Due to the variations in individual systems, this information and the various files and code available on this page are conveyed as is with no warranty of any kind. Cisco anyconnect secure mobility client mac.
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